The white arrowhead in G′ indicates a cytoplasmic bridge between spermatocytes (scale bar: 5 μm). White asterisks denote condensed chromosomal structures, white hash symbols indicate nuclei in early meiotic prophase I (see Zhang et al., 2014). G, G′ Electron microscopic images of representative spermatogenic cysts with spermatocytes in meiotic prometaphase (cyan) and other early stages of meiosis I (yellow) from wild-type males. F Normalized Caspase-3 stainings of wild-type and mutant testes suggest increased apoptosis in the absence of Blm. Asterisks denote spermatozoa clusters (Scale bar: 50 μm). TO-PRO-3 staining (red) denotes nuclei (n = 6 different wild-type and blm−/− testis lobes were tested each). D, E Cells undergoing programmed cell death as shown by Caspase-3 (green) staining in wild-type (D) and blm−/− testes (E). A comparison of wild-type and mutant testes suggests that blm−/− are defective in entering pachytene. C Ratio of nuclei showing Sycp3 immunostaining patterns characteristic for pachytene. TO-PRO-3 staining (red) denotes nuclei (scale bar: 8 μm). In wild-type cysts (A) patterns typical for meiotic prophase I can be detected, whereas in mutant cysts (B) aberrant Sycp3 patterns (white arrowheads) can be observed (n = 8 different wild-type and blm−/− samples were tested each). Blm loss-of-function results in meiotic defects during spermatogenesis in zebrafish males.A, B Representative Sycp3 immunostainings of wild-type and blm−/− spermatogonial cysts.
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